OFF THE BEATEN PATH - TRINCOMALEE

 TRINCOMALEE

History of Trincomalee 

Trincomalee is an ancient Gokanna town and port on Sri Lanka's northeastern coast. It is located on a peninsula in Trincomalee Bay, formerly known as Koddiyar (meaning "Fort by the River") Bay, one of the world's most beautiful natural harbours.

Trincomalee was a major settlement of Indo-Aryan immigrants in the early days. The Temple of a Thousand Columns (also known as Koneswaram Temple), located at the peninsula's tip, was built as a Hindu temple in the 7th century or earlier. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to occupy the town in the 17th century; they razed the temple and used its stone to build a fort. The port's harbor changed hands several times between the Dutch, French, and British before finally falling into British hands in 1795.Trincomalee's significance as a major British base grew after the Japanese ousted the British from Singapore during World War II; the town was bombed by the Japanese in 1942. The British retained control of the harbour after Sri Lanka's independence, but gave it up in 1957.

The port of Trincomalee is no longer important commercially, though it was used to route some trade through it in the 1960s due to congestion and labor problems in Colombo, Sri Lanka's commercial capital and main port. Tourism has grown to be an important part of the local economy. The town has a rail station and good road connections to the rest of Sri Lanka. In December 2004 a large tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake near Indonesia killed hundreds of people in Trincomalee and caused widespread destruction there.

About Trincomalee District

On Sri Lanka's east coast is the port city of Trincomalee. The harbor in the Bay of Trincomalee is well known for its size and security; it is open to all kinds of vessels in all weather conditions, unlike any other in the Indian Sea. Surfing, scuba diving, fishing, and whale watching are all done on the beaches. Additionally, the city is home to Sri Lanka's largest Dutch fort. Major naval and air force bases for Sri Lanka are located there.

Since they are the native inhabitants of the region, the majority of Tamils and Sinhalese consider this place to be sacred. There are historically significant Buddhist and Hindu sites in Trincomalee and the surrounding area.  Trincomalee and its environs have both Hindu and Buddhist sites of historical importance. 

About Eastern Province

There are nine provinces in Sri Lanka, including the Eastern Province. Although the provinces have existed since the 19th century, they lacked legal standing until 1987, when provincial councils were established by the 13th Amendment to Sri Lanka's 1978 Constitution. The province was temporarily combined with the Northern Province to form the North-East Province between 1988 and 2006. Trincomalee serves as the province's capital. 1,460,939 people called the Eastern province home in 2007. The province has the widest ethnic and religious diversity in Sri Lanka.

The total area of the Eastern Province is 9,996 square kilometers (3,859.5 sq mi).The province is bordered to the north by the Northern Province, to the east by the Bay of Bengal, to the south by the Southern Province, and to the west by the provinces of Uva, Central, and North Central. Lagoons cover most of the province's coast; the biggest ones are at Upaar, Ullackalie, Kokkilai, and Batticaloa.

Activities to do in Trincomalee 

SNORKLE AT PIGEON ISLAND

A well-liked activity in Trincomalee is a trip to Pigeon Island. Because Pigeon Island allows visitors to snorkel with colorful fish, turtles, and even small reef sharks, it is undoubtedly one of the most popular tourist destinations in Sri Lanka! Only boats can reach Pigeon Island, which is located roughly 2.5 kilometers off the coast of Trincomalee. From Trincomalee, going there is a perfect half- or full-day excursion.

However, there are a few drawbacks to Pigeon Island travel. First up, there's conservation. Overtourism on the island has been a problem for both travelers and tour companies. The coral surrounding the island has been harmed almost entirely as a result of this. herefore, if you visit Pigeon Island, don't expect to see bright coral, and take care not to touch or harm any remaining coral!

Additionally, Pigeon Island is pricey. The entrance fee is between 3,000 and 4,000 rupees per person because it is a national park. The entrance fee decreases with the number of people in your boat because you all split the boat fee and service fee, which are not included in the individual entrance fee. A boat that accommodates six to seven people will cost you around 2,000 rupees, not including the entrance charge. The cost of snorkel gear is an additional 500–600 rupees.

GO WHALE WATCHING 

Whale watching is a popular activity on Sri Lanka's east coast from June to August. You can go on these once-in-a-lifetime tours and witness these magnificent animals in their natural habitat; it's truly captivating!  In theory, Trincomalee's whale watching season runs from May through the end of October. But, at the beginning and end of the season, it's very hit-and-miss. Fortunately, if you don't see a whale, most tour operators will give you a 50% discount on another tour. 

Trincomalee whale-watching trips run from about $40 to $60 USD and last for two to four hours. Most tours depart early in the morning.If you're not satisfied with just looking at whales, how about going for a swim with them? One of the few spots on Earth where you can swim with whales in their natural habitat is Trincomalee. Although there are many restrictions on swimming with whale tours, the $220 USD cost is well worth the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. 

Irrespective of the activity you select, whales are a feature of Sri Lanka and an absolute must-see! 

EXPLORE FORT FEDRICK 

One of the most well-liked activities in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, is visiting Fort Frederick. This fort has withstood the test of time and is hundreds of years old. You are welcome to visit and explore the fort's grounds today. There are a few temples within the Fort that you can see below, but one of the best things to do at Fort Frederick, in my opinion, is to enjoy a soothing juice while admiring Trincomalee.

After entering Fort Frederick, proceed down the road in the direction of the well-known Hindu temple, Koneshwaram Temple. Many of the vendors lining the walkway on the way to the temple are actually fresh fruit juice restaurants with stunning views of Uppuvali Beach and Trincomalee. This is a great way to unwind on a hot summer's day, especially if you're going to be sightseeing all day or just exploring the Koneshwaram Temple's hot grounds. 

KONESHWARAM TEMPLE 

The Koneswaram Temple in Trincomalee is a prominent Hindu temple that is thought to have been built in 400 BC. It has experienced both prosperous and turbulent periods during European colonization. The temple, housed inside the storied Fort Frederick, provides the ideal amount of the island's distinct culture in an otherwise European environment.

One of the most significant Hindu temples in the entire nation is the Koneswaram Temple, which is regarded as one of the Pancha Ishwaram (one of Lord Shiva's five abodes). Since its founding, the temple has prospered because it was well-protected by the numerous kingdoms that came after, including the Anuradhapura Kingdom, the Chola Empire, the Pandyan Kingdom, and the Jaffna Kingdom. When the Portuguese colonists attacked and destroyed the "Temple of a Thousand Pillars" in the 17th century, many precious artifacts were lost. In any case, the rebuilding of this hallowed temple was approved by the Dutch and British, the next colonizers. Additionally, during this time, numerous lost artifacts were found during numerous archaeologist excavations.

KANNIYA HOT SPRINGS 

The mysterious Kanniya Hot Springs of Trincomalee date back over 5000 years, to a time when the island was ruled by King Ravana. It is unclear how the springs were created to gather warm spring water. But the epic Ramayana provides us with an interesting account of the origins of these springs.

Historical Mythology of the Hot Springs

The Ramayana states that King Ravana's mother died as a result of her son's attempt to relocate Koneswaram Temple, which is how the hot springs got their start. As soon as Ravana learned that his mother had died, he forced him to carry out her last Hindu customs. This implied that his formidable sword would strike in seven separate locations. 

Eventually, fresh hot water began to flow from these locations; this area is now known as the Kanniya Hot Springs, and it has never run out. Because the hot springs are thought to contain healing waters that can cure a variety of ailments, the epic Mahabharata also tells the story of how the hot springs were once a popular pilgrimage destination for Hindus.

The complex is currently accessible to the public and protected by the archaeological department. The best time to visit the complex is usually in the morning when there are fewer people around.

ST.MARY'S CATHEDRAL 

Constructed in 1852, Trincomalee's St. Mary's Cathedral is a distinctive place of worship in the seaside town because it is a kaleidoscope of white and blue, a symbol of the many ethnic groups that call the town home. The cathedral's neo-baroque frontage, a superb representation of the early colonists, is one of its highlights. There are some fascinating saint portraits inside the house of worship.

When Easter, Christmas, and New Year's Eve roll around, the cathedral comes to life with revelry, lights, and other festivities that highlight the multiculturalism that exists in Trincomalee. This particular religious complex is a unique piece of architecture and a remnant that echoes the fascinating identity of the city, so make sure you make time to visit it. But remember, it's a religious place, so make sure you act and dress appropriately.

SERUWILA MANGALA RAJA MAHA VIHARAYA

Constructed in the Anuradhapura Kingdom's second century BC by King Kavantissa, the Seruwila Mangala Raja Maha Viharaya in Trincomalee is regarded as a Solosmasthana (one of the 16 locations the Lord Buddha visited upon his arrival in Sri Lanka), making it one of the nation's most important Buddhist places of worship. The temple holds great significance for worshippers because King Kavantissa built it with the intention of enshrining the Lalata Dathun Wahanse, or sacred forehead bone, of the Lord Buddha. 

The temple has experienced some turbulent times despite being visited by a large number of devotees year-round. This was particularly the case during the Chola and Pandyan invasions in the 11th century, which left the temple in a state of neglect and decay.

But the place of worship, which has been restored ever since, was rediscovery in the 1920s and lies close to some dense jungle landscapes. Significant restoration work has also been done on the other features, which have helped to recreate the stupa's original grandeur and facilitate veneration. These features include the ancient pond, the northern and western entrances, Bodhigara, the stone-paved terrace, and the monks' residence (Awasa).

NILAVELI AND UPPUVELI BEACHES 

The beaches of Uppuveli and Nilaveli in Trincomalee are thought to be among the most pristine on the entire island, and they provide the ideal backdrop for the ideal beach getaway.

Nilaveli  Beach 

You can take in the breathtaking scenery of the nation while strolling along the more than a kilometer of golden sand and azure waters of Nilaveli Beach. You can also engage in some thrilling water sports. The beach is well-known for being a center for swimming, fishing, snorkeling, and scuba diving. A quick boat ride away takes you to the Pigeon Island National Park, Which I mentioned earlier where you can enjoy a variety of water sports activities. The island's uncommon and endemic marine life is easily accessible for you to experience firsthand.

Uppuveli Beach 

On the other hand, despite being smaller, Uppuveli Beach is still very popular for water sports. Deep sea diving is one such unusual activity you could partake in, since the beach's outer reaches are known to have numerous shipwrecks that date back even before European colonization.

Both of these beaches, which are dotted with excellent restaurants, are ideal for taking a break from the routine every day and simply enjoying the beautiful sun, sand, and sea.

MARITIME AND NAVAL HISTORY MUSEUM 

Operating since 2013, the Maritime and Naval History Museum is one of Trincomalee's more recent museums. Despite being a recent addition, the museum houses a number of antiquated artifacts that date back to the Marco Polo era, when trade connections were only beginning to be formed in Sri Lanka. Numerous artifacts housed within the two-story complex illustrate how Sri Lanka, and particularly the port of Trincomalee, served as a major port of call for numerous traders arriving from the far east. The museum, which is close to the historic Fort Frederick, offers an excellent overview of the history of how the Dutch arrived on the island in the sixteenth century and eventually came to rule the coastal areas.

The fact that the building was once the official residence of the Dutch Naval Commissioner in the 17th century adds to the attraction of this museum for many tourists. Because it adheres to the traditional principles of neo-classical architecture, the building itself can be considered an artefact. With the recent restoration efforts by the Sri Lankan government, one can imagine what life might have been like for a high-ranking colonial. It is set up to walk you through maritime history in chronological order as well as the marine life that lives beneath the blue waters, so be sure to explore both floors.

Best restaurants in Trincomalee

NERO KITCHEN | Nero Kitchen is the place to go if you're craving wood-fired pizza or pasta in Trincomalee. Most likely the greatest pizza Sri Lanka has to offer.

CAFE' ON OCTOBER 18| A cute café with excellent coffee, fresh juices, and a reputation for making mouthwatering smoothie bowls and paninis.

Tonic| Come here for a great selection of reasonably priced Western and local dishes.          Oh, and they have Trincomalee's best burgers.

FERNANDO'S BAR| The ideal spot for a late- afternoon snack and some sunset cocktails. Without a doubt, you should sample their papadum with mango chutney.

Accomodation 

Without a doubt, the Uppuveli Beach area of Trincomalee is the greatest place to stay. There are many hip restaurants in the relaxed neighborhood, which exudes a tranquil atmosphere. I heartily recommend it because it's very easy to get to Nilaveli beach or Fort Frederick from a base at Uppuveli.

Surf Reef Dive Beach Palace | Comfortable, on the beach, and near Trincomalee's main attractions 

OYO 310 | Uppuveli beach is nearby the OYO 310 Sea Lagoon Beach Hotel, which has nice rooms and a pool.

The Anantamaa Hotel | offers excellent value for money, large, luxurious rooms, and a fantastic pool.

Trinco Blu by Cinnamon| offers top-notch accommodations, a sizable pool, and a PADI-certified diving center on site

How to go around Trincomalee 

TUKTUK 

The most well-liked (and enjoyable) mode of transportation in Sri Lanka. Renting a tuk-tuk is inexpensive and simple, but nothing compares to the freedom that comes with having your own set of wheels.

When you choose to rent a tuk-tuk in Sri Lanka, make sure to choose a reliable provider, like Tuktuk Rental .These guys not only provide a fantastic service, but they also rent out their tuk-tuks from nearby families, which helps the community out financially.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

I would only suggest this option to those who have a lot of time and a very tight budget. In Sri Lanka, buses and trains are the most common forms of public transportation. Additionally, it is incredibly affordable, costing less than a few dollars each trip.

It's not the most comfortable mode of transportation, though. Both the buses and many train services lack air conditioning. They can also travel slowly, pausing every few minutes to pick up additional passengers. Having said that, inexpensive travelers favor public transportation because it is generally safe. For those who wish to travel like locals, here's one method of transportation!

Problems in the Toursim sector

Inadequate tourist attractions are a significant problem that negatively affect the growth of the tourism industry, which in turn affects investment, employment, the standard of living for those who depend on the industry, and the number of visitors that arrive in the area. As a result, the experts and stakeholder group have identified and discussed the following challenges.

Ineffective Green Environmental Protection System 

Given the district's delicate eco-system, environmental sustainability is one of the key components of sustainable tourism development in the area. The tourism industry is seeing an increase in investment since the return of peace. The environmental aspects, however, did not really worry the investors. This is a result of the authority concerns' lax enforcement of environmental protection laws.

The following factors contributed to the inefficiency of the green environmental protection system, according to the problem analysis team:

 1. The lack of a garbage disposal system

 2. Lack of legislation and lax application of current environmental protection regulations

 3. Inadequate public, business, and governmental commitment to monitoring environmental protection 

Insufficient Variety in Tourism Offerings

For destinations to remain competitive and develop sustainably, they must diversify, intensify, and link their tourism offerings. However, these various characteristics and connections between the main tourist goods in a place are often overlooked. The main draw factors for tourists to visit a destination are its main products for tourism. One of the problems with a poor tourist destination's attractiveness is its lack of diversified tourist products. The primary causes of the deficiency of a varied tourism offering are inadequate shopping and conference spaces, as well as a lack of theaters, auditoriums, water sports, and cultural events.

Limited Attractive Infrastructure Facilities

The development of the tourism industry is hampered by the district's lack of attractive infrastructure, despite the district's extensive road network connecting it to other parts of the nation. Key interior destinations require basic infrastructure facilities to draw tourists. A destination's physical infrastructure will support numerous industries that are complementary to tourism if it is available and maintained. Enhancing safety and aesthetic appeal as well as convenience and mobility all contribute to a better visitor experience. A place's overall physical aspect can leave a lasting impression.

The China Bay airport, which recently reopened as a regional airport and offers seaplane transportation to Trinco Town, ought to be expanded in order to draw in more foreign visitors. There isn't any highway transportation to other cities on the island at the moment. Additionally, the development of a sea route connecting Trincomalee to other coastal cities is a possibility. This maritime excursion may draw tourists. 

Limited ability to promote the market

A prevalent obstacle confronting tourism entrepreneurs in developing nations such as Sri Lanka is the absence of precise market data and analysis, which is essential for them to effectively compete in global markets. Numerous stakeholders have given the Trincomalee tourism industry greater attention since the end of the civil war. Market promotion ability, however, is extremely limited. The Trincomalee district lacks a formal unit to oversee marketing and promotion. The investor in the conversation has identified a few key issues that need to be resolved in order to address this problem. These are listed beneath.

 - The area lacks a properly trained tour guide

 - Not Able to Get Traveler Information

 - Limited understanding of tourism promotion strategies among government and private sector workers

 - Absence of tourism-related advertising

GOALS FOR STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE OUTCOMES FOR THE TOURISM SECTOR

As a result, the goal of this plan for the next five years is to develop a thriving and sustainable tourism industry that will support regional economic growth by raising stakeholder incomes, expanding job opportunities, and fostering an environment that will encourage more tourists to visit and stay in the Trincomalee district .

The following results, which align with the sector's vision, were determined during the stakeholder discussion aimed at advancing the Trincomalee district's tourism industry.

 a. More Effective and Better Protection of the Green Environment

 b. A greater variety of travel-related goods

 c. Improved and appealing infrastructure amenities

 d. Sufficient, Effective, and Skilled Personnel

 e. The Trincomalee district boasts well-established entertainment activities.

 f. Enhanced Ability to Promote the Market

References 

Destinationlesstravel (2023b) 17 best things to do in trincomalee, Sri Lanka, Destinationless Travel. Available at: https://destinationlesstravel.com/things-to-do-in-trincomalee-sri-lanka/ (Accessed: 18 November 2023).

Trincomalee (2023) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trincomalee (Accessed: 18 November 2023).

 district, trincomalee (no date) Trincomalee. Available at: http://www.trincomalee.dist.gov.lk/images/development_Plan/12.pdf.

Written by : Mathu